![]() ![]() ![]() The confrontations in East Jerusalem injured hundreds of Palestinians between May 7 and May 10, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA). Palestinian demonstrators at times threw rocks during confrontations with Israeli security forces. In addition, Palestinians held demonstrations around East Jerusalem, and Israeli forces fired teargas, stun grenades, and rubber-coated steel bullets, including inside al-Aqsa Mosque. The May 2021 conflict followed rising tensions in Jerusalem, including from efforts by Jewish settler groups to evict and confiscate the property of long-time Palestinian residents from their homes in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood of East Jerusalem, which Israel unilaterally annexed but remains occupied territory under international humanitarian law. In accordance with our institutional mandate, Human Rights Watch maintains a position of neutrality on these issues of jus ad bellum (law concerning acceptable justifications to use armed force) our primary goal is documenting violations of, and encouraging all sides in armed conflicts to respect, the laws of war, or jus in bello (law concerning acceptable conduct in war). It does not address whether the armed wings of Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and other Palestinian armed groups or the Israeli government were justified in resorting to armed force, such as under the United Nations Charter. This Q&A focuses on international humanitarian law governing the conduct of hostilities by each party to the conflict. The purpose is to facilitate analysis of the conduct of all parties to the conflict with the aim of encouraging accountability for violations of the laws of war and avoiding repetition in the future. The following questions and answers address issues relating to international humanitarian law (the laws of war) governing the armed conflict between Israel and Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and other Palestinian armed groups in Gaza that took place from May 10 to May 21, 2021. Israel's air force targeted the 13-floor Jala Tower housing Al-Jazeera television and the Associated Press news agency. The Jala Tower was destroyed by an Israeli airstrike in Gaza. ![]()
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